There are about thirty different species of cockroaches that invade the state, and each one differs slightly in terms of physical and behavioral characteristics. Though the existence of pests is a common issue in the United States, it is often said that roaches constitute a sizable percentage of the pests that plagues Texas as a whole. 

American Cockroach

Scientific Name: Periplaneta Americana

Appearance– These cockroaches are giant up to 1.5 inches, have wings, and are reddish-brown with a lighter border over the head.

Place of exhibiting– They occur in the dark, damp, warm areas, often near steam pipes, in sewers, grease traps, wet basements, etc. They mostly happen to be in restaurants, grocery stores, bakeries, breweries, pet shops, and other establishments where food is prepared or stored.

Lifespan– They can survive up to two years, much longer than other cockroach types.

Cuban Cockroach

Scientific Name: Panchlora Nivea

Appearance– Cuban Cockroaches are about 3/4 of an inch in length and identified by their lime green color. Young ones are brown. They are brought into this country in bananas. They have wings and can fly, often attracted by the lights in the home. They fly toward porches and outdoor fixtures.

Place of exhibiting– They most often reside outside where they are found inside yard debris, firewood piles, and wooded areas that are moist, shaded, and have leaf litter in abundance. They are attracted to lights and might fly toward a building spotting lights.

Lifespan– They find trouble reproducing indoors and have a lifespan of twenty months.

Oriental Cockroach

Scientific Name: Blatta orientalis

Appearance- The oriental cockroach is approximately 1 inch long and dark brown to black. Males have wings covering 3/4 of their body, and the female has very short wings. These cockroaches are often called “black beetle cockroaches” because of their smooth, dark bodies. 

Place of exhibiting– They live in areas with decaying organic matter such as plants and animals. They manifest in places where it’s damp, cold, and dark. These cockroaches are sometimes addressed as “waterbugs” because they hang out in moist areas.

Lifespan- These can live from 34 to 180 days.

Pennsylvania Wood Cockroach

Scientific Name: Parcoblatta pennsylvanica

Appearance– The male and female differ entirely from each other in presence. The adult male is one inch long, dark brown, and has developed wings. The female measures about 1/2 inch long and has very short wings that are nonfunctional. They are comparatively smaller than the American Cockroach. 

Place of exhibiting– These pests are not domestic. They are generally found outdoors under logs and stones. They might accidentally enter homes, cabins, cottages, and invade wooden surfaces. They find their way into homes on firewood or through open windows.

Lifespan– This species of roaches live for several months.

Weather Conditions in Texas

Texas experiences extreme warm summers, which might not be a favorable season for humans, but it is the most appropriate season for cockroaches to invade the place. They become incredibly active during this season. Therefore, the availability of ample food and suitable weather conditions allows cockroaches to harbor the site.

Tennessee is situated in the southern region of the United States. The summer season observes an average high temperature of 32 °C, and this is the most suitable time for cockroaches to reproduce and multiply. The main cockroaches in the region are listed in this article.

1. Brown-Banded Cockroach (Supella longipalpa)

Description

It is one of the smallest cockroaches, and the adult brown-banded cockroach may reach a length of 11 to 14.5 mm and tan to light brown. They have a long thin antenna, and body size is similar to the German cockroach. They get the name from the two lighter bands they have across their dark brownish bodies. The adult male has long wings that cover the abdomen while the females have short wings.

Behavior

They prefer warm and dry locations and generally thrive in temperature between 25 and 33 °C. They pose a risk as they may feed on body fluids, thereby causing infections in hospitals.

Habitat

They are commonly found on ceilings, higher on walls, behind photo frames, and near motors of refrigerators and other electrical appliances. They also reside in electrical switches, closets, and furniture. 

Lifespan

They can live for about 206 days in a suitable environment.

2. Oriental Cockroach (Blatta orientalis)

Description

These cockroaches are large, shiny, and dark brown or almost black. The adult males are approximately an inch long, with wings, while females are about 1 ¼ inch long, and have only short wings. They have two lighter bands across their dark brownish bodies.

Behavior

They mainly remain outdoors. They manifest in places where it’s damp, cold, and dark. These cockroaches are sometimes addressed as “waterbugs” because they hang out in moist areas.

Habitat

They live in areas with decaying organic matter, such as plants and animals. They are found in leaf piles, basements, firewood, crawl spaces, mulch, and flower beds.

Lifespan

These can live from 34 to 180 days.

3. German Cockroach (Blattella germanica)

Description

They are Light brown to tan and usually have a darker color in the early stages of development, which lighten to a faint brown in later stages. They have long, comprehensive, and flat bodies, with six legs and two long antennae protruding from the head. They also have two dark longitudinal lines on the shield behind their head. These are among species of cockroach that do not fly, despite having wings, which helps in catching or tracking their progress through the house.

Behavior

These are often associated with poor sanitation. They cannot survive in locations away from humans or human activity. They have the ability to reproduce in huge numbers very quickly, which has given this pest the status of an enemy for houses.

Habitat

These pests can often hide in small spaces and find shelters in bags, cardboard boxes, and other infested items brought inside the home without checking. They are spotted in hotels, residential areas, farm produce markets, catering establishments, swimming baths, hospitals, shops, stores, restaurants, food manufactures’, nurseries, crèches, and grain stores. The majority of the roach population is found in the kitchen or bathrooms.

Lifespan

They can survive for up to 100 to 200 days in normal conditions.

Conclusion

One should always understand the severe repercussions of roach infestations and act timely before they can cause havoc.

The southern region of the United States is relatively hotter than the other parts of the country, which makes it prone to pests. Since South Carolina is situated in the southern part of the United States, cockroaches are one of the troublesome pests for people living here. These cockroaches find ample food, water, and humidity in the region, which is apt for their survival.

The most common types of Cockroaches in South Carolina are listed below: 

American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)

Appearance

These cockroaches are giant up to 1.5 inches, have wings, and are reddish-brown with a lighter border over the head.

Place of exhibiting

They occur in the dark, damp, warm areas, often near steam pipes, in sewers, grease traps, wet basements, etc. They mostly happen to be in restaurants, grocery stores, bakeries, breweries, pet shops, and other establishments where food is prepared or stored.

LifeCycle

A female roach lays around sixteen eggs at a time and produces six to fourteen ootheca during her lifetime. The average incubation period is 44 days, which makes up to 224 offspring. American cockroaches go through 10 to 13 stages before adulting. This process of reaching adulthood takes an average of 600 days. Male cockroaches can survive up to 362 days, whereas females can live over 700 days. They can survive for up to two years, which is much longer than other types of cockroaches.

Smoky brown cockroach (Periplaneta fuliginosa)

Appearance

These roaches are about 25 to 38 mm long and brownish-black in color. Both males and the females of this species fully developed wings and are strong fliers.

Place of exhibiting

Smoky brown roaches seek warm, humid, and well-protected areas and mainly remain outdoors. They might get transported indoors on firewood or in boxes stored in a garage or shed, which is infested. They will invade homes only when they are in search of moisture and nutrition. 

LifeCycle

The female cockroach carries its egg capsule for about a day before hiding it somewhere to hatch. Each tiny egg case can produce as many as 45 offsprings. Since one female can lay dozens of egg cases in its lifespan, a few adult cockroaches can create a large infestation in a short time. A Smoky brown roach takes about 320 days to become an adult. Baby roaches begin life with much darker color compared to adults having two white strips. The tips of their antennae are also white. As they grow, they become more reddish. It depends on the surroundings, and they can live 200-300 days at room temperature In a protected environment.

Prevention and Control Measures

• Insecticides can be applied to basement walls and other infested sites.
•  Residual sprays can be used in and around the perimeter of an infested structure. 
• Pellet baits are extremely useful in controlling cockroaches.
• The trash can should also have a tight lid so that the waste odor doesn’t spread across your house.
• Regular maintenance of all the pipe fittings in your home can also help in regulating the occurrence of cockroaches in South Carolina.

Pennsylvania is not an extremely hot or freezing state. Therefore cockroach infestation is not very common to this place or is not prevalent like many of the northern states of America. However, some of them can be seen in areas. 

The species of roaches found here are:

German Cockroach

This roach is small, growing to a length of 13-16 mm, nocturnal, penny-sized, and has a high speed that can quickly escape into cracks and crevices in the wall. These are recognized by their light brown or tan color

Male: males spend the majority of their time in harborage even at night.

Female: These tend to be darker than males. Reproducing females are quite active.

Oriental Cockroach

These are commonly referred to as ‘water bugs,’ ‘black beetles,’ or ‘shad roaches.’ They are dark brown to almost black and usually have a seeming greasy sheen to its body.

Male: These are 1 inch in length. The male has wings that cover about ¾ of its abdomen, and it cannot fly.

Female: They measure roughly 1 ¼ of an inch. The female Oriental cockroach cannot fly, as she sports only tiny rudimentary wings called wing pads.

American Cockroach

They are reddish-brown and have a yellowish margin on the pronotum (portion behind the head). Nymph cockroaches almost resemble adult cockroaches except for the fact that they do not have wings.

Male: The length is 30 to 50 mm (up to about 2 inches) long, has wings, and can fly but not for too long.

Female: These are comparatively shorter than males and have wings and can fly short distances.

Brown-banded Cockroach

The Brown Banded Cockroach is often confused with the German Roach. They have two light, irregular bands along with their wings.

Male: The adult males are 13-14.5 mm long and more prominent than adult females. These can fly.

Female: These are shorter than adult males as these are 10-12 mm in length. Female cockroaches cannot fly and have a distinctly larger abdomen than the male.

Pennsylvania Wood Cockroach

Pennsylvania wood cockroaches are dark brown. The thorax and the front part of their wings are outlined in a whitish-yellow shade.

Male: These grow to be about 1 inch long. Males also have fully developed wings and can fly for a short period.

Female: The females are slightly smaller in size than the male and only grow to be about ¾ of an inch, have short underdeveloped wings, and are not able to fly.

What temperature will kill these Cockroaches?

Cockroaches do not survive at frigid temperatures, and it is not possible for them to live below 0 degrees fahrenheit. They are, therefore, mostly found in areas where it is hot or humid. The cockroaches generally prefer temperatures like humans only. They automatically die at icy temperatures.

Prevention and Control Measures to Get Rid of Roaches

1. Homemakers should keep counters, sinks, and tables free of clutter. Ensure that there are no dishes piled up in the sink or spills marinated on the shelf.
2. Insecticides can be applied to basement walls and other infested sites. Residual sprays can be used in and around the perimeter of an infested structure. 
3. Pellet baits are extremely useful in controlling cockroaches.
4. Keep dense vegetation, firewood piles away from your home.
5. Rinse cans, bottles, and plastics carefully before throwing them in recycling bins and empty the containers daily.

Cockroaches are one of the most common pests rapidly infesting in New York homes. They take shelter in locations where they can easily access warmth, food, and water without traveling too far. A dwelling in New York allows ample resources for cockroaches to flourish. As soon as cockroaches inhabit an area that fulfills their requirements, such as plenty of resources and rapid reproductive capabilities, they multiply so quickly that they are thousands in number in no time.

American cockroach

Scientific Name: Periplaneta americana

American cockroaches prefer damp conditions and often are found in sewers, woodpiles, and mulch. This is a reddish-brown, about 1.5 inches long or longer than that, winged, but does not fly. The wings of males are longer than the female wings. Young cockroaches are gray-brown. 

As the American roaches mature, they become more reddish-brown in appearance. They have well-developed wings but do not fly much unless temperatures are above 85 degrees, then they are known as “flying water bugs.” These generally cannot survive in temperatures less than 25 °F.

German cockroach

Scientific Name: Blattella germanica

These cockroaches are troublesome for indoor locations because they like the human environment. These are small in size, ranging from 1/2 inch to 5/8 inch in length and medium yellowish-brown in color. German roaches can be distinguished from other cockroaches by two dark parallel stripes on the anterior, dorsal portion of the thorax.

The preferred habitats by these cockroaches are Kitchens, bathrooms, and other locations that provide appropriate amounts of food, moisture, warmth, and shelter.

Oriental cockroach

Scientific Name: Blatta orientalis

These are also known as Black Cockroaches because of their appearance. These are shiny black to dark reddish-brown. They are about 1 inch in length. 

They are most active early in the evening and are located at ground level. They often take shelter in basements, crawl spaces, utility rooms, sewers, and old incinerators as these places do not have frequent visitors. Due to the cold environment, they are commonly found under refrigerators, sinks, washing machines, and floors.

Weather Conditions in New York

This region generally experiences a temperature of 77 degrees Fahrenheit, with 86 degrees being excessively hot. These are completely the right kind of weather conditions that are required by the cockroaches to sustain themselves. Cockroaches love the areas where it is warm and steamy, and New York seems to be one of those places.

Methods of Prevention

• Sealing all the cracks, crevices, and holes present in the house is one of the simplest ways to prevent, control, and eliminate cockroaches.
• Clean out junk and litter from storage shelves, drawers, and closets so that cockroaches do not infest there.
• Be cautious while selecting bait stations, glue traps, powders, and pesticides and choose the one which is environment-friendly.
• Use boric acid powder to dust spaces that are out of sight.
• Ensure that there is no food leftover as even the slightest amount of food or wetness falling into cracks will provide enough resources for a cockroach to reproduce and feed itself. 

Oregon is located in the Northern region, and Cockroach infestations are not a severe problem for the residents living here as the cockroaches here generally prefer to live outdoors, specifically in woods, but not maintaining hygiene can result in the occurrence.

The most common species of cockroaches in Oregon is:

German cockroach

Latin Name: Blattella germanica

Description

These cockroaches are a significant worry as they like indoor locations. These are small in size, ranging from 1/2 inch to 5/8 inch in length and medium yellowish-brown in color. German roaches can be distinguished from other cockroaches by two dark parallel stripes on the anterior, dorsal portion of the thorax.

Place of exhibiting

The preferred habitats by these cockroaches are Kitchens, bathrooms, and other locations that provide food, moisture, warmth, and shelter. These are most common in bathrooms, kitchen sinks, and commercial kitchen environments.

Lifecycle

The German cockroach breeds throughout the year and favors a humid environment. A life cycle takes about three months to complete. The German roach produces more eggs per capsule than other species, and its nymphs achieve their growth in a relatively shorter period. Female cockroaches carry their egg capsules until they are ready to hatch. The average incubation period is nearly 28 days, and the eggs in a single capsule are usually between 30 to 40. Females at room temperature may produce 4 to 5 capsules. The time for nymphs to mature to adults averages around 103 days. They progress through 6-7 instars in 60 days for males and 65 days for the females. The lifespan of these roaches is approximately 100 days.

Other Cockroaches that can be spotted occasionally are listed below:

Brown-banded cockroach

Latin Name: Supella longipalpa

Description

It is one of the smallest of the invasive cockroaches, and the adult brown-banded cockroach may reach a length of 11 to 14.5 mm and tan to light brown. Brown-banded cockroaches get their name from the two lighter bands they have across their dark brownish bodies. The adult male has long wings that cover the abdomen while the females have short wings.

Place of exhibiting

They are commonly found on ceilings, higher on walls, behind photo frames, and near motors of refrigerators and other electrical appliances. They also reside in electrical switches, closets, and furniture. They generally thrive in temperature between 25 and 33 °C.

Lifecycle

Female Brown-banded roaches carry their egg capsule for a few days, and later on, attach it to a protected surface. Each capsule contains around 14-18 eggs. It takes about 160 days for offspring to become grown-up adults. The brown-banded cockroach can live for about 206 days.

American cockroach

Latin Name: Periplaneta americana

Description

These cockroaches are giant up to 1.5 inches, have wings, and are reddish-brown with a lighter border over the head.

Place of exhibiting

They occur in the dark, damp, warm areas, often near steam pipes, in sewers, grease traps, wet basements, etc. They mostly happen to be in restaurants, grocery stores, bakeries, breweries, pet shops, and other establishments where food is prepared or stored.

LifeCycle

A female roach lays around sixteen eggs at a time and produces six to fourteen ootheca during her lifetime. The average incubation period is 44 days, which makes up to 224 offspring. American cockroaches go through 10 to 13 stages before adulting. This process of reaching adulthood takes an average of 600 days. Male cockroaches can survive up to 362 days, whereas females can live over 700 days. They can survive for up to two years, which is much longer than other types of cockroaches.

Oklahoma is situated in the southern United States, and the weather is relatively warmer here. The southern states are most affected by the cockroaches, and this region is one of them due to the favorable weather conditions, which allows cockroaches to subside.

Though there are several species of cockroaches, the most frequent visitors in the state are: 

American Cockroach

Origin Name: Periplaneta americana

Appearance

American cockroaches are 1½ to 1¾ inches long and reddish-brown in color. They have a lighter marking along the thorax

Habitat

They prefer warm, moist areas, including basements, sewers, storage rooms, garbage sites, heating ducts, grocery stores, bakeries, and steam tunnels. 

Behavior

An American cockroach can travel more than three miles per hour. American roaches enter homes to find water or food or shelter. These are often called “palmetto bugs” because they live on trees. 

Diet

This species of roaches are omnivorous and opportunistic when it comes to feeding. It can consume anything from decaying organic matter to sweets, paper, boots, hair, bread, fruit, book bindings, fish, peanuts, old rice, and dead insects as well.

German Cockroach

Origin Name: Blattella germanica

Appearance

Individuals are ½ to ⅝ inch long and pale brown in color, with two parallel dark-brown streaks behind their heads. At the nymphal stage, they are about 1⁄8 inch long when they hatch. They are utterly dark, excluding a light brownish area in the middle of their body.

Habitat

These are considered to be indoor or domestic species who love to stay near human beings. German cockroaches are usually found in warm, moist areas like restrooms, greenhouses and food preparation areas, kitchen appliances, sinks, and cabinets,

Behavior

A female German roach will live for six months on an average. During this lifespan, she can have 180 to 320 offspring. German cockroach females protect their egg cases by carrying them around. These offspring also multiply at a similar rate, and hence a roach infestation can quickly convert into thousands.

Diet

They consume glue and book bindings. They also have a unique attraction towards sweets, meats, starchy food, greasy food items, pieces of bread, gravies, and almost any of the human or pet food. 

Oriental Cockroach

Origin Name: Blatta orientalis

Appearance

Oriental cockroaches are 1¼ inches long and dark brown in color. The nymphs are about 1⁄4 inch long when they hatch and go from red to brown as they develop. 

Habitat

They prefer cold, dark, wet areas such as damp basements, bathtubs, floor drains, grease traps, and sewers where decaying organic matter is present. This cockroach is also known for its infamous behavior, climbing water pipes to reach the upper floors of apartments.

Behavior

A female oriental cockroach will produce 128 eggs during her lifetime. These roaches are incredibly elusive in particular and are capable of hiding in plain sight. These cockroaches emit a very pungent, musty odor. 

Diet

One of the primary reasons for these roaches entering houses is their love for food rich in starch. They Forage on garbage, eat sewage, crumbs, spills, and tiny scraps of food and other decaying foods.

Conclusion

These pests need proper handling, and there are various control measures, which include sanitation, elimination of food and water sources, and using chemicals.

Roaches are not native in Ohio, but they are “naturalized” in the sense that they have been transported or traveled from nearby areas in search of food, and now they are established in the wild. These are the most adaptable creatures and can live anywhere while feeding on anything.

The most common cockroaches in Ohio are:

1. American Cockroaches

Description: American cockroaches are typically oval, reddish-brown with a yellowish figure 8 pattern on the back end of the head; they have six legs. Adult cockroaches range between 1 ¼ to 2 ⅛ in length and have an antenna, which helps them in smelling food.

Habitat: They prefer habitats where food and water supply is readily available, and they are generally found outdoors. Despite the name, the American cockroach is found all over the world. When they do not go indoors, these can be found crawling inside dark spaces. But they’re generally found in places like woodpiles, dead logs, and hollow trees.

Life Cycle: The American cockroach is the most giant and most common roach infesting the house. A female roach lays about 16 eggs at once and produces about six to fourteen ootheca during her complete lifespan, with an average incubation period of 44 days. That makes up to 224 offspring at a time. They go through ten to thirteen instars before reaching adulthood and take around 600 days on an average. Males can live up to a year, whereas adult females can live for more than 700 days.

2. German Cockroaches

Description: They are Light brown to tan and usually have a darker color in the early stages of development, which lighten to a faint brown in later stages. They have long, comprehensive, and flat bodies, with six legs and two long antennae protruding from the head. They also have two dark longitudinal lines on the shield behind their head. These are among species of cockroach that do not fly, despite having wings, which helps in catching or tracking their progress through the house.

Habitat: They cannot survive in locations away from humans or human activity. This pest is therefore spotted in hotels, residential areas, farm produce markets, catering establishments, swimming baths, hospitals, shops, stores, restaurants, food manufactures’, nurseries, crèches, and grain stores. The majority of the roach population is found in the kitchen or bathrooms.

Life Cycle: The German cockroach breeds throughout the year indoors, but favors a humid environment and an average temperature of approximately 80°F. A life cycle takes about three months in its process. They produce more eggs per capsule than other pest cockroach species, and their young nymphs complete their growth in a shorter period and take an average of 103 days. Female German cockroaches carry their egg capsules until they are ready to hatch. The quantity of eggs in a capsule is usually 30-40, and the average incubation period is about 28 days. They progress through six to seven nymphal stages in 60 days for males and 65 days for the female roach who may live for more than 200 days.

Weather in Ohio

Ohio is a comparatively more relaxed place, and the highest temperature in summers rises to 90°F (32.2°C) at the peak of July, which implies that roaches mostly away outdoors and the infestations are not too much here.

Risks Associated with Cockroaches

• While foraging, the nymphs and adults can contaminate and infect foodstuffs, which are later consumed by humans. 
• They spread bacteria and parasites that may be living inside them, which results in various bacterial infections.
• They spread allergic reactions and many other health risks ranging from food poisoning to asthma.
• They secrete a foul-smelling discharge from their body, which also contaminates food.

We are very well aware of the fact that the occurrence of Cockroaches is one of the significant issues faced by people in The United States. There are several species; however, only a few are present in North Carolina, and they have comparatively a little less stress compared to other cities there.

The Major Species found here are:

1. The American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana)

Appearance- These cockroaches are giant up to 1.5 inches, have wings, and are reddish-brown with a lighter border over the head.

Place of exhibiting- They occur in the dark, damp, warm areas, often near steam pipes, in sewers, grease traps, wet basements, etc. They mostly happen to be in restaurants, grocery stores, bakeries, breweries, pet shops, and other establishments where food is prepared or stored.

Lifespan- They can survive up to two years, much longer than other cockroach types.

2. The German Cockroach (Blattella germanica)

Appearance- These are small in size, ranging from 1/2 inch to 5/8 inch in length and medium yellowish-brown in color. German roaches can be distinguished from other cockroaches by two dark parallel stripes on the anterior, dorsal portion of the thorax.

Place of Exhibition-  The preferred habitats by these cockroaches are Kitchens, bathrooms, and other locations that provide food, moisture, warmth, and shelter.

Life span- It is approximately 100 days.

3. The Cuban Cockroach (Panchlora Nivea)

Appearance- Cuban Cockroaches, are about 3/4 of an inch in length and identified by their lime green color. Young ones are brown. They are brought into this country in bananas. They have wings and can fly, often attracted by the lights in the home. They fly toward porches and outdoor fixtures.

Place of exhibiting- They most often reside outside where they are found inside yard debris, firewood piles, and wooded areas that are moist, shaded, and have leaf litter in abundance. They are attracted to lights and might fly toward a building spotting lights.

Lifespan- They find trouble reproducing indoors and have a lifespan of twenty months.

4. The Western Wood Cockroach (Parcoblatta Americana)

Appearance- They are brown to reddish-brown and can reach 1-1.3/4 inches in length. They have oval-shaped bodies. The males have fully-developed wings that cover the entire body fly rather fast (although they can’t fly), and females have small wing pads and are flightless.

Place of exhibiting- They possess nocturnal behavior. They are not the ones who love to stay indoors, and they generally live outdoors. They prefer sites that are moist and dark such as forests. They change their habitat only if the situation demands so.

Lifespan- They live for several months.

5. The Brown-hooded Cockroach (‎Cryptocercus punctulatus)

These are also known as Wingless Wood Roach, Eastern Wood-eating Cockroaches.

Appearance- These pests are brown to black and are 23-30 mm in length. They are wingless, which makes them incapable of flying. This is not a house pest and is instead a recycler of nutrients in decomposing wood. 

Place of exhibiting- It is most likely to be found in forests and woodlands. It lives in large congregations such as decaying tree trunks, stumps, and rotting logs.

Lifespan- It is roughly about 200 days.

Weather In North Carolina

North Carolina is one of those cities where the weather is pleasant. The summers are warm, which offers warmer months to roaches. Summers are the chief breeding season for these pests, so they multiply in huge numbers. Cockroaches have a perfect sense of things, and they can sense humidity in the air, which makes them breed and harbor in this city.